国际小学科学课程改革的历史与现状(三) |
2007年12月10日 |
2.探究过程与知识性内容的关系问题 3.课程教学目标细化的问题 三、结论 参考文献: [1]Waring, M.Social Pressure and Curriculum Innovation[M] .Methuem, London,1979. [2] [4] [23] [24] [26] [27] Harlen,W.Science education : primary schools.In Lewy, A.(ed.).The International Encyclopedia of Curriculum[M] .Pergamon Press, 1991 :906-911. [3] [10]Lederman, N.G.Students’and teacher’s conceptions of the nature of science : a review of the research[J] .Journal of Research in Science Teaching,1992, 29(4). [5]Wilson,B,(ed.)Culture Contexts of Science and Mathematics Education : a Bibliographic Guide[M] .Centre for Studies in Science Education, University of Leeds.1981.Quoted from Lewy, A.(ed.)op.cit, p.906. [6]丁邦平.国际科学教育导论[M] .陕西:陕西教育出版社,2002. [7]Drive,R.& Easley.Pupils and paradigms : A review of literature related to concept development in adolescent science students [J] .S tudies in Science Education, 1978(5), 61-84. [8] [12]Osborne, J .F.Beyond constructivism[J] .Science Education, 1996,80(1). [9]Posner, G.J ., Strike, K.A., et .al.Accommodation of a scientific conception : toward a theory of conceptual change [J] .Science Education,1982, 66(2). [11]美国科学促进会(1989).面向全体美国人的科学[M] .中国科学技术协会译.北京:科学普及出版社,2001. [13]Jenkins,E.W.History of Science Education.In Lewy, A.(ed.).op.cit, p.904. [14]Matthews, M.R.Constructivism and science education : a further appraisal[J] .Journal of Science Education and Teaching,2002, 11(2), p.121-134. [15]DES, Science in the National Curriculum[M] .Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, 1989. [16] [18] [19] [20] [22] [美]国家研究理事会著.美国国家科学教育标准[M] .戢守志等译.北京:科学技术文献出版社, [17]Anderson,R.D.Reforming science teaching : what research says about enquiry[J] .Journal of Science Teacher Education.Vol.13(1):1-12, 2002. [21] Springer, J .Primary Science Curriculum Guide [M] .David Fulton Publishers Ltd,2002. [25] Young, B.L.The selection of processes, contexts and concepts and their relation to methods of teaching.In Harlen,W(ed.).New Trend in Primary School Science Teaching[M] .Vol.1 UNESCO.Paris.1983.Quoted from Lewy, A.(ed.)op.cit, p.911. [28] Crossland, R.W.Report of an Individual Study of the Nuffield Foundation Primary Science Project [M] .University of Manchester 1967.Quoted from Lewy, A.(ed.)op.cit, p.911 |